Individual Achievement Tests for Special Education Students

Individualized achievement tests are useful for assessing a students academic abilities. They are designed to measure both pre-academic and academic behavior—from the ability to match pictures and letters to more advanced literacy and mathematical skills. They can be helpful in assessing needs, monitoring a student’s progress, diagnosing a student with a learning disability or identifying benchmarks on a student’s Individualized Education Program, which the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act requires special needs students to have. A team made up of teachers, parents and others develop the program and update it periodically to meet students’ needs as they grow. 1. The Woodcock Johnson Test of Achievement The Woodcock Johnson Test of Achievement is another individualized test that measures academic areas and is appropriate for children from the ages of 4 to young adults to 20 and a half. The tester finds a base of a designated number of consecutive correct answers and works to a ceiling of the same incorrect consecutive answers. The highest number correct, minus any incorrect responses, provide a standard score, which is quickly converted into a grade equivalent or age equivalent. The Woodcock Johnson also provides diagnostic information as well as grade level performances on discrete literacy and mathematical skills, from letter recognition to mathematical fluency. 2. The Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills The Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills is another well-known, well-accepted criterion based and normed individual achievement test. The Brigance provides diagnostic information on reading, math and other academic skills. As well as being one of the least expensive assessment instruments, the publisher provides software to help write IEP goals based on the assessments called Goals and Objective Writers Software, which sells for $59.95. 3. KeyMath 3 Diagnostic Assessment KeyMath 3 Diagnostic Assessment is both a diagnostic and progress monitoring tool for math skills. Broken into three areas: Basic Concepts, Operations and Applications, the instrument provides scores for each area as well as each of the 10 subtests. Along with the flip chart books and test booklets, KeyMath also provides scoring software, to generate scores and reports.

The Most Famous Prison Of The United States - 1255 Words

Alcatraz was one of the most famous prison in the Unites States, located in the Californian San Francisco Bay. The prison was renowned for being inescapable, and the m0ost high security prison of the time. This probably was due to it’s location, which was on Alcatraz island, located around a mile away from shore, surrounded by the supposedly shark infested, strong currents, ice cold water of the bay. Today, the prison is only used as a tourist attraction, a mere shadow of what it once was. (Deconstructing History: Alcatraz, History, www.history.com, AE television network, 2016, USA) Alcatraz first used as a military fort for the Civil War in 1854. In 1861, a military prison was added to the fort, holding the criminals of the troops. The†¦show more content†¦In Alcatraz, most Alcatraz guards and their families lived on the island. The wives, children, and any other family members of the guards who lived on the island would take a ferry or boat to the port of San Francisco when they needed to go to school, work, or just to go into town. Guests of children and other residents were allowed to visit the families of the island, but with inmates, they were only allowed one visit per month, each visit had to be approved directly by the warden of Alcatraz. In this visit, physical contact between the inmate and visitor was prohibited, as well as any discussion of current events. The conversations were held via an intercom system, and an officer would usually be monitoring the conversation, though, sometimes the officer would fail on this task. If there was any so rt of inappropriate act or breaking of rules during these visits, the inmate would lose the privilege of monthly visits, or possibly be put under some other form of punishment. I managed to get ahold of one of the ex-residence of Alcatraz. Ernest Lageson was the son of one of the many guards of Alcatraz, and he lived on the island for around two years when he was 10-12 years old. Mr. Lageson said that while there wasn’t often a large amount of contact with the inmates, occasionally the kids and other residence had the chance to speak with or see ‘TheShow MoreRelatedThe History of Alcatraz789 Words   |  3 PagesLife on Alcatraz Prison was not as bad as the people described it to be. For the prisoners Living on Alcatraz was similar to life on other American penitentiaries of the era. It wasn’t the brutal hellhole many movies made it look like it was. Each prisoner swept his cell clean, dressed, and then stood ready for head count. Then all marches to the mess hall for break feast before moving on to work out in the docks in the laundry area, or out in any of the other buildings in the island. The food onRead MorePenitentiary Ideal and the American Prisons1292 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Penitentiary Ideal and the American Prisons: Prisons have developed to become famous institutions in the modern society to an extent that its difficult to remember that these institutions have a history of slightly over two centuries. Prisons emerged in Europe first before the United States as a product of the dual transformation that established the basis for contemporary capitalism. The institutions are famous because they are an integral part of the criminal justice system that house condemnedRead More Present Day Detention Camps: North Korea Vs. The United States1244 Words   |  5 PagesPresent Day Detention Camps: North Korea Vs. The United States Abstract The purpose of this research was to determine how similar detention facilities run by the U.S. government are to the gulags of North Korea. The research spanned many different media sources from online news articles to reports in scholarly journals to an anthology of memoirs and articles concerning the treatment of prisoners in U.S. detention facilities. Although some of the specific details of the camps were inconsistentRead MoreTaking a Look at the Jewish Holocaust804 Words   |  3 Pagesmurder of the Jews. In later years to come the Nazi leaders were charged with many crimes. The allied forces formed the Nuremberg Tribunal, these forces included the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and France. These nations had announced that they would began grueling the Nazi’s in the winter of 1945. The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union were the first to officially announced on december 17, 1942 that they wanted to litigate those who were responsible for the mass murdersRead MoreHoward S Becker1318 Words   |  6 PagesHoward Becker SOC 101: Introduction to Sociology Professor Smith March 4, 2012 Howard S. Becker Howard Becker was a famous American sociologist. He made several contributions in the fields of occupations, education, deviance and art and made several studies in those fields. He particularly made several studies in the field of social deviance and occupations. Most of studies went into the interactions between criminal people and regular people. Many of these studies included the criminalRead MoreEssay on Famous Thinkers1570 Words   |  7 PagesFamous Thinkers Sandra Faye PHL/458/ Creative Minds and Critical Thinking April 22, 2010 Famous Thinkers By this time, 2013, the world has been blessed with a good handful of creative thinkers who have greatly contributed to their communities, thus, to the world. Nelson Mandela and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr are to excellent examples of outside the box thinkers who stroveRead MoreThe United State Private Prisons1350 Words   |  6 Pagesadministration, the prison population skyrocket in America personal increase by 1600% (13th). According to American Civil Liberty Union (ACLU) in 2010 the two largest companies alone, which is CCA Corrections Corporation of America and GEO global leader in evidence based rehabilitation$3 billion in revenue in 2010. Each of these company’s executive receive 3 million dollars each. Private prisons didn’t really exist before the early 1980s, it was when the Unites States federal governmentRead Morealcatraz779 Words   |  4 Pages An icon of power and strength, Alcatraz has become the single most recognizable symbol of American society. Situated in the San Francisco Bay, one can’t help but be drawn to the rocky shore, the dark walls, and the lone light tower sanding cold against a picturesque sunset imagining what it would have been like to be incarcerated in one of the world’s most infamous prisons. Discovered in 1775 by the Spanish explorer Juan Miguel de Ayala, La Isla de los Alcatraces was little more than a rockRead More Attica State Prison Uprising September 13, 1971 Essay851 Words   |  4 PagesAttica State Prison Uprising September 13, 1971 George Jackson the most famous political prisoner in the 70s and leader of the Black Panther Party was incarcerated at San Quentin Prison in California. He was killed by the State on August 21, 1971. Because of this Attica inmates organized a hunger strike and wore black arm bands. George Jacksons revolutionary writings in his book he had written Soledad Brother; was passed from inmate to inmate inside Attica State Prison, which had anRead MoreAttica Prison Riot and Prison Reform1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthem the most horrible fates and to rot in the caged institution they are forced to call their new home. But, where do we draw the line of cruelty to those who are some of the cruelest people in our country? And what happens when one of this most strict and strongest institution our nation has breaks down? What do we do when this piece of mind, the one thing that lets us sleep at night, suddenly disappears? This is exactly what happened during and in the after effects of the Attica prison riot of

Great gatsby 4 Essay Example For Students

Great gatsby 4 Essay A symbol is an object or place used to represent an abstract idea or quality. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald there are many such symbols. F. Scott Fitzgerald incorporates each symbol into the plot and structure of the novel. His use of symbolism helps give the reader a better meaning and understanding of the story. The themes of The Great Gatsby are revealed through its use of symbols. Among the most important of the many symbols used in the novel are the green light, the contrast between East Egg and the West Egg, the valley of ashes, and the giant oculist sign. The green light lights up across the bay from Gatsby’s place. This light burned at the end of Daisy Buchanan’s dock. For Gatsby, this green light symbolized the â€Å"go-ahead† sign. Green was the symbol for promise, hope, and renewal. Gatsby’s dream in life was to be with Daisy. The green light on the other side of the bay that Gatsby saw gave him an unyielding hope that his dream would be realized. At the end of the first chapter Gatsby was seen stretching his arms toward the green light appearing as to be worshipping it. Gatsby saw his dream or goal and never gave up. He remained loyal to his quest until death at the end of the novel. Gatsby moved into the mansion across the bay to be near Daisy. The green light symbolized that Gatsby had a hope of winning Daisy. Gatsby asked Daisy to tell Tom that she loved him, but this was too much to ask of her. Daisy told Gatsby that he asked too much and she could not leave Tom. At the end of the novel the green light was no longer a sacred symbol of hope or promise but just a light at the end of the Buchanan’s dock. The contrast between East Egg and West Egg are represented through the dissimilarities of the lifestyles and attitudes of society. The west represents the idealistic viewpoints and the simplicity of life. The east represents the corruption of the wealth and the extravagant wastefulness of society. Tom, Daisy, and Jordan all live in East Egg. They represent the established rich. Gatsby, and Nick live in West Egg. They represent the nouveaux rich. The established rich spend their money without caring about a thing. An example of this is when Tom Buchanan rented out a hotel room just so he could drink on a hot day with his friends in the city. Another example of their lack of morals or lack of caring is when Jordan is driving with Nick and Jordan said that everyone should watch out for her. The West Egg represents the vulgarity of society. An example of this is Gatsby’s enormous parties that he throws every two weeks. Most people that lived in the west had to work for a living. T om Buchanan saw them as socially inferior to himself. He believed that he is better than everyone else is. Gatsby was not born rich so he had live in West Egg. He was looked down upon by Tom. This is why Tom saw Gatsby as no threat to him and Daisy. The valley of ashes symbolized the desolation of life. This area is where all the business failures ended up. The valley of ashes was located at the crossroads of Long Island and New York City. It represented the modern world and the barren wasteland created by industry. George Wilson’s garage is located here. He receives little business and is always covered in dust from the ash heaps. The valley of ashes is important because it helps distinguish between the classes in the novel. There are the established rich that live in East Egg, the newly rich that live in West Egg, and the poor that live in the valley of ashes. The valley of ashes symbolizes the poor and unfortunate part of society. .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d , .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .postImageUrl , .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d , .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d:hover , .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d:visited , .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d:active { border:0!important; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d:active , .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udadb494bb97757e547352ab5d173f49d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PPQ Parts Global Expansion EssayThe giant oculist sign of T.J. Eckleburg is located in the valley of ashes. The eyes of the oculist sign are symbolic in that they overlook nothing. The unblinking eyes see everything that happens. George Wilson identifies these

Bill of Rights essays

Bill of Rights essays Individual rights are the oldest and most traditional of American values. (ACLU, 1997) The Bill of Rights is a document consisting of the Constitutions first ten amendments. The first eight of these amendments specify certain basic freedoms and safeguards we as citizens hold. They protect the people from wrongdoings or unjust acts committed toward them by the federal government. The Government, due to these amendments, cannot change or interfere with these rights. Ancient Greeks and Romans created many of the basic ideas used in the Bill of Rights (Lowi...a number of prominent Americans were alarmed at the omission of individual liberties in the proposed constitution. (Early America, 2001) Both James Madison and Thomas Jefferson fought over the acceptance of these views. It was James Madison, though, that helped pass the first ten amendments. On September 25, 1789, the First Congress of the United States therefore proposed to the state legislatures 12 amendments to the Constitution that met arguments most frequently advanced against it. The first two proposed amendments, which concerned the number of constituents for each Representative and the compensation of Congressmen, were not ratified. Articles 3 to 12, however, ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures, to constitute the first 10 amendments of the Constitution. (National Archives, 1998) These soon came to be known as the Bill of Rights, and was put into effect on Dece mber 15,1791. The Constitution as it was first written and given to the states for ratification contained provisions for civil liberties, which covered everyone. It also set up a powerful national government. The thirteen states were asked to ratify the Constitution wanting a list of individual rights, as each state had in its constitution. The states would not ratify the...

Chicago Race Riot 1919 Essays - Red Summer, Chicago Race Riot

Chicago Race Riot 1919 Essays - Red Summer, Chicago Race Riot Dr. Edmund F. Wehrle His-2020G Chicago Race Riot 1919 On July 27, 1919, a young black man named Eugene Williams swam past an invisible line of segregation at a popular public beach on Lake Michigan, Chicago. He was stoned by several white bystanders, knocked unconscious and drowned, and his death set off one of the bloodiest riots in Chicagos history. The Chicago race riot was not the result of the incident alone. Several factors, including the economic, social and political differences between blacks and whites, the post-war atmosphere and the thinking of race relations in 1919, combined to make Chicago a prime target for this event. Although the riot was a catalyst for several short-term solutions to the racial tensions, it did little to improve race relations in the long run. It was many years before the nation truly addressed the underlying conflicts that sparked the riot of 1919. There is some history that explains why the incident on that Chicago beach escalated to the point where 23 blacks and 15 whites were killed, 500 more were injured and 1,000 blacks were left homeless. When the local police were summoned to the scene, they refused to arrest the white man identified as the one who instigated the attack. It was generally acknowledged that the state should look the other way as long as private violence stayed at a low level. This police indifference, viewed by most blacks as racial bias, played a major role in enraging the black population. In the wake of the Chicago riot, several efforts were made to strengthen Chicagos police power to effectively suppress future riots, make police power more neutral between the races, and allow the Federal government to acquire police powers by way of an anti-lynching law. The aim was to bring a more powerful and neutral force into local situations, but the effect was to concentrate the emphasis on maintaining law and order rather than correcting the conditions that caused the riot. Many Americans felt it was more important to ensure that violence on the scale of the Chicago riot never recur rather than deal with the root causes of racial conflict. The violence of the 1919 riot shocked and divided many Americans. There were those who believed it was necessary to eliminate racial inequalities in order to prevent racial conflicts and those who believed it was necessary to create or maintain a racial ladder in which each race would know and accept its place. It was the latter group that sought rules against the use of violence and focused on the accommodation of society to immediate conflicts rather than long-term solutions, such as restructuring society to reduce the level of racial tension. In the United States, the historical pattern of interracial violence, fear and distrust is a result of a class system which recognized white dominance and black inferiority and subordination. This social system was frustrating to the blacks who wished to rise from their subservient status while the white man had to employ force in order to maintain his position of social superiority. Add to this frustration what sociologists refer to as social distance, where fear, hate and ignorance block people from getting to know each other, and it is no surprise that racial tensions were high prior to the riot in Chicago. One of the most frightening aspects of the Chicago riot in the eyes of the white population was the fact that rather than accept the invisible line in Lake Michigan or police indifference, blacks actually fought back. For white Americans who had become accustomed to Negro complacency, this posed a tremendous threat. It was an important moment in black history. These heightened mixed-race fears and suspicions went beyond the personal level. Following the Chicago riot, many Americans came to believe that democracy itself was becoming endangered by black militancy. They believed that a challenge to white supremacy was a radical opposition to the government. Following the riot, white supremacists jumped to the conclusion that radical influences had encouraged Negroes to take up arms. Mayor William Hale Thompson, often accused of being a nigger lover, refused to draw the color line and consequently could claim the Black Belt as his area of strongest

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Analysis - Case Study Example The section discusses how the unrelated strategy of the UTC adds value to the company. Unrelated diversification is important in enabling companies reap benefits from a central management. UTC ensures that its business gain value by auditing their strengths and weaknesses through its elaborate Total Quality Management strategy. The parent corporation ensures that its businesses are operating optimally. For example, the case of elevator failures in Japan was effectively solved through TQM. A parent corporation is objective in identifying failures in its businesses and thus is efficient in finding solutions. Unrelated diversification also offers UTC strategic advantage of identifying the best practices for its companies to mitigate business risks. The situation implies that the corporation can use strategies that have succeeded in one of its business to run another business. Also, the corporation learns for the strategies that have failed in several businesses to avoid them in the future. The result is a more successful and valuable business. For example, UTC uses TQM as its main approach to avoid product failures. The strategy worked well or elevator problems in Japan; hence, the corporation documented it as one of its best practices. As noted above, UTCs best practices are transferred to all its companies. UTC has employed several process disciplines and an elaborate research and development. Also, the corporation benefits from diverse skills and competencies across different industries. These competencies enable UTC to internally manage the human resources, across all its companies. Top performers can be sent to failing companies to improve their prospects. According to Duhaime, Stimpert & Chesley (2012), unrelated diversification allows corporations to invest in business that have little or no process technologies that can result in synergies. The reason or this is that businesses operate in different industries, and hence there are not similarities

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American History - Essay Example As one of the most consequential social movements in recent times, this research paper will explore the emergence of the U.S. Civil Rights movement and argue that without this movement, Barack Obama would not be president today. Seeking to address the emergence of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, this research paper will explore a variety of questions and provide an in-depth theoretical analysis of the early stages of this important social movement. Why did the U.S. Civil Rights Movement emerge when it did? What factors account for the emergence of boycotts as a technique of protest? Was the U.S. Civil Rights Movement a spontaneous reaction to decades of oppression or was it organized and led by key leaders and organizations? These questions and many more will be explored in this comprehensive analysis of the US Civil Rights movement. This essay refers to Unit IV (1946-1976) and aims to provide a thorough and comprehensive analysis of one of the most important movements of the twentieth century, namely the US Civil Rights Movement. Social movements have historically been agents for social change and any analysis of a movement must account for its emergence. At the outset of the Civil Rights Movement, various campaigns were a response to the systematic discrimination which plagued the southern United States in the middle half of the twentieth century. This movement brought the plight of southern African-Americans to the forefront of the American consciousness and its successes can largely be measured in the legislative and normative changes which were a direct result of specific campaigns. As a whole, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as the Supreme Court decision in 1956 striking down Alabama’s segregation laws, are substantive examples of the successes this movement has achieved in the political realms. Normatively speaking, black politicians in the southern United States